@article {27116, title = {The importance of the seafood processing sector to coastal community resilience}, journal = {Marine Policy}, volume = {156}, year = {2023}, abstract = {

Coastal communities face a myriad of social, economic, and ecological facets that affect their well-being and resilience capacity. For those places dependent on commercial fishing, resilience includes the processing sector of the seafood industry. Yet, there is a dearth of knowledge and understanding of the contribution of the seafood processing workforce to coastal community resilience. This study incorporates secondary data and collects new data through semi-structured interviews. The first set of interviews were collected with sector workers and leaders, and with coastal community leaders, in two Oregon counties. To supplement this data, interviews were conducted with knowledgeable sector contacts in New England and Norway. All interviews were conducted to contextualize perceptions of the seafood processing sector and resiliency within coastal communities. Analyses revealed three overarching themes related to the importance of the product, the work and workforce, and the seafood processing sector to the community. Results and discussion elaborate on the symbiotic connections between policy, management, and socio-cultural dependence of seafood processing to coastal community resilience.

}, author = {Lori A Cramer and Jennifer Beaullieu and Jamie Doyle and Marta Maria Maldonado and Hillary Egna and Maria Johnson and Flaxen DL Conway} } @booklet {26201, title = {OPB Interview: As land acknowledgments become more common, Indigenous people grapple with next steps}, year = {2021}, url = {https://www.opb.org/article/2021/12/08/as-land-acknowledgments-become-more-common-indigenous-people-grapple-with-next-steps/}, author = {Whitebear, Luhui and Black Elk, Rachel} } @article {2998, title = {The Rise of State Agency-Nonprofit Collaboration Against Food Insecurity in Western States}, journal = {Food, Culture, and Society}, volume = {15}, year = {2012}, pages = {93-112}, author = {Mark Edwards} } @article {2995, title = {Ecosystem services as a common language for coastal ecosystem-based management.}, journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology}, volume = {24}, year = {2010}, month = {2010}, pages = {207 - 16}, abstract = {

Ecosystem-based management is logistically and politically challenging because ecosystems are inherently complex and management decisions affect a multitude of groups. Coastal ecosystems, which lie at the interface between marine and terrestrial ecosystems and provide an array of ecosystem services to different groups, aptly illustrate these challenges. Successful ecosystem-based management of coastal ecosystems requires incorporating scientific information and the knowledge and views of interested parties into the decision-making process. Estimating the provision of ecosystem services under alternative management schemes offers a systematic way to incorporate biogeophysical and socioeconomic information and the views of individuals and groups in the policy and management process. Employing ecosystem services as a common language to improve the process of ecosystem-based management presents both benefits and difficulties. Benefits include a transparent method for assessing trade-offs associated with management alternatives, a common set of facts and common currency on which to base negotiations, and improved communication among groups with competing interests or differing worldviews. Yet challenges to this approach remain, including predicting how human interventions will affect ecosystems, how such changes will affect the provision of ecosystem services, and how changes in service provision will affect the welfare of different groups in society. In a case study from Puget Sound, Washington, we illustrate the potential of applying ecosystem services as a common language for ecosystem-based management.

}, isbn = {0888-8892}, author = {Lori A Cramer and Granek EF and Polasky S and Kappel CV and Reed DJ and Stoms DM and Koch EW and Kennedy CJ and Hacker SD and Barbier EB and Aswani S and Ruckelshaus M and Perillo GM and Silliman BR and Muthiga N and Bael D and Wolanski E} } @article {3001, title = {Paradoxes of Providing Rural Social Services: The Case of Homeless Youth}, journal = {Rural Sociology}, volume = {74}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, pages = {330 - 355}, publisher = {Rural Sociological Society. 104 Gentry Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7040. Tel: 573-882-9065; Fax: 573-882-1473; e-mail: ruralsoc@missouri.edu; Web site: http://www.ruralsociology.org}, abstract = {

Economic and demographic changes in rural areas continue to introduce big-city problems in small towns. These communities{\textquoteright} ability and willingness to respond are likely to be influenced by the geography, culture, and array of organizations in rural places. But how these characteristics of rural places shape local response is hard to predict and as yet unexplored. This article reports data from interviews with social-service providers and homeless youth in a rural county in the northwestern United States, drawing insights from both groups about the challenges of providing social services in rural places. Findings about drug use, sexual abuse and prostitution in rural communities illustrate how aspects of a rural context can influence the way small towns address social problems. (Contains 1 footnote.)

}, isbn = {0036-0112}, author = {Mark Edwards and Torgerson, Melissa and Sattem, Jennifer} } @article {3000, title = {When safety culture backfires: Unintended consequences of half-shared governance in a high tech workplace}, journal = {The Social Science Journal}, volume = {46}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, pages = {707 - 723}, abstract = {

This paper applies concepts from the sociology and anthropology of organizations to understand limits to the implementation of a more effective safety culture in the workplace. It highlights unintended consequences of combining bureaucratic control and shared governance and identifies sources of inertia within already existing safety cultures. The data come from focus group interviews with workers in a research and development facility of a multinational corporation in the Western U.S. It is found that safety protocols, rules, and rhetoric, combined with efforts to give workers more responsibility for safety in the workplace, create tendencies toward worker alienation, shame with regard to injuries, complacency, and fear of bureaucratic processes. Therefore it appears that some efforts to create safety culture in the workplace may unintentionally undermine the goal of manufacturing safety.

}, isbn = {0362-3319}, author = {Mark Edwards and Jabs, L.B.} } @article {2996, title = {Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values.}, journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}, volume = {319}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, pages = {321 - 3}, abstract = {

A common assumption is that ecosystem services respond linearly to changes in habitat size. This assumption leads frequently to an "all or none" choice of either preserving coastal habitats or converting them to human use. However, our survey of wave attenuation data from field studies of mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass beds, nearshore coral reefs, and sand dunes reveals that these relationships are rarely linear. By incorporating nonlinear wave attenuation in estimating coastal protection values of mangroves in Thailand, we show that the optimal land use option may instead be the integration of development and conservation consistent with ecosystem-based management goals. This result suggests that reconciling competing demands on coastal habitats should not always result in stark preservation-versus-conversion choices.

}, isbn = {0036-8075}, author = {Lori A Cramer and Barbier EB and Koch EW and Silliman BR and Hacker SD and Wolanski E and Primavera J and Granek EF and Polasky S and Aswani S and Stoms DM and Kennedy CJ and Bael D, and Kappel CV and Perillo GM and Reed DJ} } @article {2895, title = {Fiscal Policy, Expectation Traps, and Child Labor}, journal = {ECIN Economic Inquiry}, volume = {45}, year = {2007}, month = {2007///}, pages = {453 - 469}, abstract = {

This paper develops a dynamic model with overlapping generations where there are two possible equilibria: one without child labor, and one with it. It is shown that intergenerational transfers can eliminate the child labor equilibrium and that this intervention is Pareto improving. However, if society does not believe that the government will implement the transfer program, it wont, reinforcing societys expectations. This is true even if the transfer program would have been implemented in the absence of uncertainty. Thus a government may be powerless to prevent the child labor equilibrium if it does not command the confidence of their populace, leaving the country in an expectations trap. (JEL D91, E60, J20, O20)

}, isbn = {0095-2583}, author = {Patrick M. Emerson and Knabb, Shawn D.,} } @article {3002, title = {Identifying Factors that Influence State-specific Hunger Rates in the U.S.: A Simple Analytic Method for Understanding a Persistent Problem}, journal = {Social Indicators Research}, volume = {81}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, pages = {579 - 595}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {

An existing measure of food insecurity with hunger in the United States may serve as an effective indicator of quality of life. State level differences in that measure can reveal important differences in quality of life across places. In this study, we advocate and demonstrate two simple methods by which analysts can explore state-specific contributions to state-specific hunger rates. Using existing survey data and the U.S. Department of Agriculture measure of household food insecurity with hunger, we illustrate how comparing group-specific hunger rates within states and how the demographic method of standardization can both be used to assess how a state{\textquoteright}s population and local characteristics influence hunger rates and other quality of life indicators associated with hunger.

}, isbn = {0303-8300}, author = {Mark Edwards and Weber, Bruce and Bernell, Stephanie} } @article {2894, title = {Corruption, competition and democracy}, journal = {Journal of Development Economics}, volume = {81}, year = {2006}, month = {2006///}, pages = {193 - 212}, abstract = {

This paper presents a model of the interaction between corrupt government officials and industrial firms to show that corruption is antithetical to competition. It is hypothesized that a government agent that controls access to a formal market has a self-interest in demanding a bribe payment that serves to limit the number of firms. This corrupt official will also be subject to a detection technology that is a function of the amount of the bribe payment and the number of firms that pay it. Under quite normal assumptions about the shape of the graph of the detection function, multiple equilibria can arise where one equilibrium is characterized by high corruption and low competition, and another is characterized by low corruption and high competition. Some suggestive empirical evidence is presented that supports the main hypothesis that competition and corruption are negatively related.

}, isbn = {0304-3878}, author = {Patrick M. Emerson} } @article {3296, title = {Inter-Court Dynamics and the Development of Legal Policy: Citation Patterns in the Decisions of the U.S. Courts of Appeals}, journal = {The Policy Studies Journal}, volume = {34}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {277 - 293}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing}, abstract = {

Lower federal appellate judges, like other government officials, identify problems, formulate and implement solutions, and subsequently evaluate them for their efficacy. Immediately following the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, courts were confronted with cases that raised new policy issues in claims of employment discrimination. With no guidance from the Supreme Court for five years, circuit courts articulated solutions to these issues with written published opinions. By examining citations to precedents in those opinions, we evaluate the degree to which the court{\textquoteright}s reasoning draws on policies from other circuits. Although stare decisis does not compel appeals court judges to consider decisions from other circuits, 76 percent of the opinions include a reference to an out-of-circuit precedent. Outside citations were not uniform across circuits and cases with increased references to outside courts in circuits were characterized by conflict. Our examination of citation patterns suggests that the development of precedent proceeds on two tracks. On one level, circuit judges{\textquoteright} opinions build on precedent from within their court. More broadly, citations reflect on an inter-court dialog to identify conflict and consensus in federal legal policy.

}, isbn = {0190-292X}, author = {Rorie Solberg and Haire, Susan B. and Emrey, Jolly A.} } @article {3003, title = {Restricted Opportunities, Personal Choices, Ineffective Policies: What Explains Food Insecurity in Oregon?}, journal = {JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS}, volume = {31}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {193 - 211}, isbn = {1068-5502}, author = {Mark Edwards and Bernell, S. L. and Weber, B. A.} } @article {3004, title = {Occupational Structure and the Employment of American Mothers of Young Children}, journal = {Journal of Family and Economic Issues}, volume = {26}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {31 - 53}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {

Explanations for the increase of employment for American mothers with young children have focused on women{\textquoteright}s motivations and skills or on increased wages. Instead, this analysis considers how access to professional and managerial occupations may explain this employment trend. Relying on Current Population Survey data (1968-1995), the study reports that growing availability of these occupations explains less than 1/4 of employment growth. The percentage of full-time employed newer mothers in professional and managerial occupations, while having grown substantially over time, remains relatively small. Part-time employment does not explain the trend. Relatively high rates of full-time work, even for low-prestige occupations, affirm existing research emphasizing family economic need and validate questions about the structure of work for accommodating family obligations.

}, isbn = {1058-0476}, author = {Mark Edwards} } @article {3005, title = {Symposium: The Impact of Welfare Reform on Population Sub-Groups - Single Mother Work and Poverty under Welfare Reform: Are Policy Impacts Different in Rural Areas?}, journal = {Eastern economic journal.}, volume = {30}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, pages = {31}, publisher = {Eastern Economic Association.}, address = {Bloomsburg, Pa.}, isbn = {0094-5056}, author = {Mark Edwards and Weber, Bruce and Duncan, Greg} } @article {2896, title = {Multi-Dimensional Separating Equilibria and Moral Hazard: An Empirical Study of National Football League Contract Negotiations}, journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics}, volume = {85}, year = {2003}, month = {2003///}, pages = {760 - 765}, publisher = {MIT Press}, abstract = {

This paper empirically tests for a multidimensional separating equilibrium in contract negotiations and tests for evidence of the moral hazard inherent in many contracts. Using contract and performance data on players drafted into the National Football League from 1986 through 1991, we find evidence that players use delay to agreement and incentive clauses to reveal their private information during contract negotiations. In addition, our empirical tests of the moral hazard issue indicate that a player{\textquoteright}s effort level is influenced by the structure of his contract.

}, isbn = {0034-6535}, author = {Conlin, Michaell and Patrick M. Emerson} } @article {2999, title = {Education and Occupations: Re-examining the Conventional Wisdom about Later First Births Among American Mothers}, journal = {Sociological Forum}, volume = {17}, year = {2002}, pages = {423-443}, author = {Mark Edwards} } @article {3006, title = {Do Attitudes and Personality Characteristics Affect Socioeconomic Outcomes? The Case of Welfare Use by Young Women}, journal = {SSQU Social Science Quarterly}, volume = {82}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {817 - 843}, abstract = {

Objective. We estimate a model of social-psychological determinants of entry into Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), the primary cash welfare program in the United States until 1996. Methods. Using information from the youngest cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we estimate logit models of the probability of ever participating in AFDC and hazard models of the timing until first use of AFDC. Results. We find strong associations between welfare use and several attitudes and personality characteristics, but with two exceptions, most of the associations are not robust to the inclusion of exogenous background characteristics. There is consistent, strong evidence that positive attitudes toward school lower the likelihood of using welfare and increase duration until first receipt. Family background and social environment characteristics show strong robust effects. Conclusions. Our results point to relatively weak evidence for the hypothesis that individual attitudes in adolescence have a significant impact on initial welfare receipt.

}, isbn = {0038-4941}, author = {Mark Edwards and Plotnick, Robert and Klawitter, Marieka} } @article {3007, title = {Home Ownership, Affordability, and Mothers{\textquoteright} Changing Work and Family Roles}, journal = {SSQU Social Science Quarterly}, volume = {82}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {369 - 383}, abstract = {

Objective. Elaborating on conventional explanations for rapid employment growth of married mothers of preschoolers, I propose that pursuit of home ownership contributed to this trend differently in different decades since 1950. Methods. Measuring husbands{\textquoteright} income in terms of mortgage qualification and using logistic regression analysis of pooled Current Population Survey data to estimate trends standardized for compositional change, I compare hypothetical with observed trends since 1970. Results. Declining ability of husbands{\textquoteright} income to qualify for mortgages and rising educational attainment of mothers explains the post-1970 accelerated employment growth for preschoolers{\textquoteright} mothers. By the 1980s, other influences have greater relative effects on young mothers{\textquoteright} employment. Conclusion. Home ownership contributed to slower growth in preschoolers{\textquoteright} mothers{\textquoteright} employment through the 1950s and 1960s, raising standard-of-living expectations. Declining affordability in the 1970s inspired even more rapid growth. Pursuit of prescribed standards of living has increasingly motivated families to embrace dual-earner work and family arrangements.

}, isbn = {0038-4941}, author = {Mark Edwards} } @article {3008, title = {Uncertainty and the Rise of the Work-Family Dilemma.}, journal = {Journal of Marriage and Family}, volume = {63}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {183 - 96}, abstract = {

Suggests that consumptive certainty of the 1950s and 1960s gave way to economic uncertainty in the 1970s and beyond. Economic uncertainty provided impetus, legitimacy, and justification for young families to adopt new work-family arrangements. Hence, economic uncertainty is conceptualized as a real circumstance that substantiates families{\textquoteright} reasonable perceptions of need. (Author/MKA)

}, isbn = {0022-2445}, author = {Mark Edwards} } @article {2897, title = {The Economics of Tenancy Rent Control}, journal = {ECOJ The Economic Journal}, volume = {110}, year = {2000}, month = {2000///}, pages = {939 - 962}, abstract = {

We consider a rent control regime where rent increases on, and eviction of, a sitting tenant are forbidden. When apartments become vacant landlords may negotiate new rents. If inflation exists, landlords prefer to rent to short-staying tenants. Since departure-date-contingent contracts are forbidden and landlords cannot tell whether tenants are short-stayers, an adverse selection problem arises, with a Pareto inefficient equilibrium. When tenant types are determined endogenously, multiple equilibria can arise where one equilibrium is Pareto dominated. Abolition of the rent control regime, cannot only shift the equilibrium out of this inferior outcome, but also result in across-the-board lowering of rents.

}, isbn = {0013-0133}, author = {Basu, Kaushik and Patrick M. Emerson} } @article {3009, title = {Pregnancy Discrimination Litigation: Legal Erosion of Capitalist Ideology under Equal Employment Opportunity Law.}, journal = {Social Forces}, volume = {75}, year = {1996}, month = {1996}, pages = {247 - 68}, abstract = {

Analysis of 82 court cases involving pregnancy discrimination, 1972-91, shows that this litigation revealed the gender bias of equal employment opportunity law and capitalist economic relations, eroded assumptions about economic imperatives for not accommodating pregnant workers, and laid the groundwork for the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. Includes many cases involving pregnant teachers. Contains 32 references. (SV)

}, isbn = {0037-7732}, author = {Mark Edwards} }