@inbook {26181, title = {Women and Religion in North America}, booktitle = {Women and Religion: Global Lives in Focus}, year = {2021}, pages = {1-36}, publisher = {ABC-CLIO}, organization = {ABC-CLIO}, chapter = {1}, isbn = {9781440871962}, author = {Furman, Kali and Venable, Jennifer and Mae, Leida (LK) and Whitebear, Luhui and Lambert, Rebecca J} } @book {21246, title = {Deutsch im Blick (Edition 2)}, year = {2013}, publisher = {University of Texas Austin}, organization = {University of Texas Austin}, abstract = {

This textbook of classroom activities and homework accompanies Deutsch im Blick, http://coerll.utexas.edu/dib/, the web-based German program developed and in use at the University of Texas since 2004, and its companion site, Grimm Grammar (2000) http://coerll.utexas.edu/gg/. These are open access sites, free and open multimedia resources, which require neither password nor fees. Deutsch im Blick, used increasingly by students, teachers and institutions throughout the world, includes 307 videos (American students in Germany, native German interviews, vocabulary and culture presentation videos) recorded vocabulary lists, phonetic lessons, online grammar lessons (600 pages) with self-correcting exercises and audio dialogues, online grammar tools and diagnostic grammar tests.

}, keywords = {Foreign Language Study, German, Humanities, Language and languages}, author = {Abrahms, Zsuzsanna and Schuchard, Sarah and Weilbacher, Jasmin and Ghanem, Carla and VanderHeijden, Vince} } @book {4543, title = {Spanish of the U.S. Southwest : a language in transition}, year = {2010}, month = {2010///}, publisher = {Iberoamericana Vervuert Pub. Corp.}, organization = {Iberoamericana Vervuert Pub. Corp.}, address = {Norwalk, CT}, isbn = {9781936353002 1936353008 9781936353019 1936353016 9788484894773 8484894770 9783865275097 3865275095}, author = {Susana Rivera-Mills and Villa, Daniel J.} } @article {3034, title = {Human impacts on regional avian diversity and abundance.}, journal = {Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology}, volume = {22}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, pages = {405 - 16}, abstract = {

Patterns of association between humans and biodiversity typically show positive, negative, or negative quadratic relationships and can be described by 3 hypotheses: biologically rich areas that support high human population densities co-occur with areas of high biodiversity (productivity); biodiversity decreases monotonically with increasing human activities (ecosystem stress); and biodiversity peaks at intermediate levels of human influence (intermediate disturbance). To test these hypotheses, we compared anthropogenic land cover and housing units, as indices of human influence, with bird species richness and abundance across the Midwestern United States. We modeled richness of native birds with 12 candidate models of land cover and housing to evaluate the empirical evidence. To assess which species were responsible for observed variation in richness, we repeated our model-selection analysis with relative abundance of each native species as the response and then asked whether natural-history traits were associated with positive, negative, or mixed responses. Native avian richness was highest where anthropogenic land cover was lowest and housing units were intermediate based on model-averaged predictions among a confidence set of candidate models. Eighty-three of 132 species showed some pattern of association with our measures of human influence. Of these species approximately 40\% were negatively associated, approximately 6\% were positively associated, and approximately 7\% showed evidence of an intermediate relationship with human influence measures. Natural-history traits were not closely related to the direction of the relationship between abundance and human influence. Nevertheless, pooling species that exhibited any relationship with human influence and comparing them with unrelated species indicated they were significantly smaller, nested closer to the ground, had shorter incubation and fledging times, and tended to be altricial. Our results support the ecosystem-stress hypothesis for the majority of individual species and for overall species diversity when focusing on anthropogenic land cover. Nevertheless, the great variability in housing units across the land-cover gradient indicates that an intermediate-disturbance relationship is also supported. Our findings suggest preemptive conservation action should be taken, whereby areas with little anthropogenic land cover are given conservation priority. Nevertheless, conservation action should not be limited to pristine landscapes because our results showed that native avian richness and the relative abundance of many species peaked at intermediate housing densities and levels of anthropogenic land cover.

}, isbn = {0888-8892}, author = {Roger B. Hammer and Lepczyk CA and Flather CH and Radeloff VC and Pidgeon AM, and Liu J} } @article {3026, title = {Human influence on California fire regimes.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {17}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, pages = {1388 - 402}, abstract = {

Periodic wildfire maintains the integrity and species composition of many ecosystems, including the mediterranean-climate shrublands of California. However, human activities alter natural fire regimes, which can lead to cascading ecological effects. Increased human ignitions at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) have recently gained attention, but fire activity and risk are typically estimated using only biophysical variables. Our goal was to determine how humans influence fire in California and to examine whether this influence was linear, by relating contemporary (2000) and historic (1960-2000) fire data to both human and biophysical variables. Data for the human variables included fine-resolution maps of the WUI produced using housing density and land cover data. Interface WUI, where development abuts wildland vegetation, was differentiated from intermix WUI, where development intermingles with wildland vegetation. Additional explanatory variables included distance to WUI, population density, road density, vegetation type, and ecoregion. All data were summarized at the county level and analyzed using bivariate and multiple regression methods. We found highly significant relationships between humans and fire on the contemporary landscape, and our models explained fire frequency (R2 = 0.72) better than area burned (R2 = 0.50). Population density, intermix WUI, and distance to WUI explained the most variability in fire frequency, suggesting that the spatial pattern of development may be an important variable to consider when estimating fire risk. We found nonlinear effects such that fire frequency and area burned were highest at intermediate levels of human activity, but declined beyond certain thresholds. Human activities also explained change in fire frequency and area burned (1960-2000), but our models had greater explanatory power during the years 1960-1980, when there was more dramatic change in fire frequency. Understanding wildfire as a function of the spatial arrangement of ignitions and fuels on the landscape, in addition to nonlinear relationships, will be important to fire managers and conservation planners because fire risk may be related to specific levels of housing density that can be accounted for in land use planning. With more fires occurring in close proximity to human infrastructure, there may also be devastating ecological impacts if development continues to grow farther into wildland vegetation.

}, isbn = {1051-0761}, author = {Roger B. Hammer and Syphard AD and Radeloff VC and Keeley JE and Hawbaker TJ and Clayton MK and Stewart SI} } @article {3031, title = {Patterns of houses and habitat loss from 1937 to 1999 in northern Wisconsin, USA.}, journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America}, volume = {17}, year = {2007}, month = {2007}, pages = {2011 - 23}, abstract = {

Rural America is witnessing widespread housing development, which is to the detriment of the environment. It has been suggested to cluster houses so that their disturbance zones overlap and thus cause less habitat loss than is the case for dispersed development. Clustering houses makes intuitive sense, but few empirical studies have quantified the spatial pattern of houses in real landscapes, assessed changes in their patterns over time, and quantified the resulting habitat loss. We addressed three basic questions: (1) What are the spatial patterns of houses and how do they change over time; (2) How much habitat is lost due to houses, and how is this affected by spatial pattern of houses; and (3) What type of habitat is most affected by housing development. We mapped 27 419 houses from aerial photos for five time periods in 17 townships in northern Wisconsin and calculated the terrestrial land area remaining after buffering each house using 100- and 500-m disturbance zones. The number of houses increased by 353\% between 1937 and 1999. Ripley{\textquoteright}s K test showed that houses were significantly clustered at all time periods and at all scales. Due to the clustering, the rate at which habitat was lost (176\% and 55\% for 100- and 500-m buffers, respectively) was substantially lower than housing growth rates, and most land area was undisturbed (95\% and 61\% for 100-m and 500-m buffers, respectively). Houses were strongly clustered within 100 m of lakes. Habitat loss was lowest in wetlands but reached up to 60\% in deciduous forests. Our results are encouraging in that clustered development is common in northern Wisconsin, and habitat loss is thus limited. However, the concentration of development along lakeshores causes concern, because these may be critical habitats for many species. Conservation goals can only be met if policies promote clustered development and simultaneously steer development away from sensitive ecosystems.

}, isbn = {1051-0761}, author = {Roger B. Hammer and Gonzalez-Abraham CE and Radeloff VC and Hawbaker TJ and Stewart SI and Clayton MK} } @article {3030, title = {The American Community Survey in counties with "seasonal" populations}, journal = {Population Research and Policy Review}, volume = {25}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {275 - 292}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {

The U.S. Census Bureau designed the American Community Survey (ACS) to provide annual estimates of social and economic characteristics for states, counties, municipalities, census tracts, and block groups. Because of its April 1 reference date, in northern nonmetropolitan counties with substantial seasonal population fluctuations the decennial census provides a statistical representation of the demographic and social characteristics of the population at a time when the population is close to its annual minimum. The year-round monthly ACS sample survey has the potential to provide local communities with an unprecedented understanding of the average population characteristics over the course of a year. In the future, the ACS even has the potential for providing social and economic characteristics of the population by season. This paper examines four ACS pilot data collection counties, Oneida and Vilas Counties in northern Wisconsin, and Lake and Flathead Counties in northwest Montana. We hypothesize that the ACS will reflect a resident population over the course of the year that is different from the traditional April 1 decennial census population. While the ACS holds much promise, our research uncovered some sampling problems that are not yet fully resolved. In addition, our analysis was not able to examine ACS estimates for minor civil divisions (MCDs), which are functioning governmental units in many states. The fact that these MCDs often have very small populations, together with the fact that estimated standard errors at the much larger census tract level in these counties are disconcertingly large, raises (currently unanswerable) questions concerning the eventual statistical quality of ACS estimates for small MCDs. Consequently, the adequacy of the ACS as a replacement for the census long form may depend on the ability of the Census Bureau to effectively address the concerns presented in this analysis.

}, isbn = {0167-5923}, author = {Roger B. Hammer and Auken, Paul and Voss, Paul and Veroff, Daniel} } @article {3022, title = {County child poverty rates in the US: a spatial regression approach}, journal = {Population Research and Policy Review}, volume = {25}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {369 - 391}, publisher = {Springer}, abstract = {

We apply methods of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and spatial regression analysis to examine intercounty variation in child poverty rates in the US. Such spatial analyses are important because regression models that exclude explicit specification of spatial effects, when they exist, can lead to inaccurate inferences about predictor variables. Using county-level data for 1990, we re-examine earlier published results [Friedman and Lichter (Popul Res Policy Rev 17:91-109, 1998)]. We find that formal tests for spatial autocorrelation among county child poverty rates confirm and quantify what is obvious from simple maps of such rates: the risk of a child living in poverty is not (spatially) a randomly distributed risk at the county level. Explicit acknowledgment of spatial effects in an explanatory regression model improves considerably the earlier published regression results, which did not take account of spatial autocorrelation. These improvements include: (1) the shifting of "wrong sign" parameters in the direction originally hypothesized by the authors, (2) a reduction of residual squared error, and (3) the elimination of any substantive residual spatial autocorrelation. While not without its own problems and some remaining ambiguities, this reanalysis is a convincing demonstration of the need for demographers and other social scientists to examine spatial autocorrelation in their data and to explicitly correct for spatial externalities, if indicated, when performing multiple regression analyses on variables that are spatially referenced. Substantively, the analysis improves the estimates of the joint effects of place-influences and family-influences on child poverty.

}, isbn = {0167-5923}, author = {Roger B. Hammer and Voss, Paul and Long, David and Friedman, Samantha} } @inbook {3061, title = {You Never Miss the Water {\textquoteleft}Till the Well Runs Dry: Crisis and Creativity in California.}, booktitle = {Clumsy Solutions for a Complex World}, year = {2006}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, organization = {Cambridge University Press}, chapter = {10}, author = {Denise Lach and Helen Ingram and Steve Rayner and Verweij, Marco and Michael Thompson} }