TY - BOOK T1 - Science and Politics: An A to Z Guide to Issues and Controversies A1 - Brent S. Steel PB - CQ Press UR - http://www.sagepub.in/books/Book239100?subject=G00&publisher=%2522CQ%2520Press%2522&sortBy=defaultPubDate%2520desc&pageTitle=productsSearch ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adapting implementation science for higher education research: the systematic study of implementing evidence-based practices in college classrooms. JF - Cogn Res Princ Implic Y1 - 2020 A1 - Soicher, Raechel N A1 - Kathryn A. Becker-Blease A1 - Bostwick, Keiko C P KW - Cognitive Science KW - Education, Professional KW - Evidence-Based Practice KW - Humans KW - Implementation Science KW - Translational Medical Research KW - Universities AB -

Finding better ways to implement effective teaching and learning strategies in higher education is urgently needed to help address student outcomes such as retention rates, graduation rates, and learning. Psychologists contribute to the science and art of teaching and learning in higher education under many flags, including cognitive psychology, science of learning, educational psychology, scholarship of teaching and learning in psychology, discipline-based educational research in psychology, design-based implementation research, and learning sciences. Productive, rigorous collaboration among researchers and instructors helps. However, translational research and practice-based research alone have not closed the translation gap between the research laboratory and the college classroom. Fortunately, scientists and university faculty can draw on the insights of decades of research on the analogous science-to-practice gap in medicine and public health. Health researchers now add to their toolbox of translational and practice-based research the systematic study of the process of implementation in real work settings directly. In this article, we define implementation science for cognitive psychologists as well as educational psychologists, learning scientists, and others with an interest in use-inspired basic cognitive research, propose a novel model incorporating implementation science for translating cognitive science to classroom practice in higher education, and provide concrete recommendations for how use-inspired basic cognitive science researchers can better understand those factors that affect the uptake of their work with implementation science.

VL - 5 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing structure building in college classrooms at scale JF - Applied Cognitive PsychologyApplied Cognitive PsychologyAppl Cognit Psychol Y1 - 2020 A1 - Soicher, Raechel N. A1 - Kathryn A. Becker-Blease KW - higher education KW - measurement KW - reader ability KW - structure building KW - translational science AB - Summary Structure building refers to the way in which people construct meaning from incoming information by creating a foundation of mental nodes, mapping incoming information to the foundational structure, and shifting to a new structure when necessary. Structure building ability has been shown to moderate learning both in laboratory-based and classroom-based research (e.g., use of outlines for effective note-taking and course final grades, respectively). However, measurement of structure building can be resource intensive. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a shortened, scalable measure of structure building (developed by a textbook publisher) in a real-world context. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that this tool, embedded in the online ancillary materials accompanying a textbook, can be used to measure a variable that is relevant to students' learning in introductory psychology courses. VL - 34 SN - 0888-4080 UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3643 IS - 3 JO - Applied Cognitive Psychology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Four Empirically Based Reasons Not to Administer Time-Limited Tests. JF - Transl Issues Psychol Sci Y1 - 2020 A1 - Gernsbacher, Morton Ann A1 - Soicher, Raechel N A1 - Kathryn A. Becker-Blease AB -

For more than a century, measurement experts have distinguished between time-limited tests and untimed power tests, which are administered without time limits or with time limits so generous that all students are assured of completing all items. On untimed power tests, students can differ in their propensity to correctly respond to every item, and items should differ in how many correct responses they elicit. However, differences among students' speed of responding do not confound untimed power tests; therefore, untimed power tests ensure more accurate assessment. In this article, we present four empirically based reasons to administer untimed power tests rather than time-limited tests in educational settings. (1) Time-limited tests are less valid; students' test-taking pace is not a valid reflection of their knowledge and mastery. (2) Time-limited tests are less reliable; estimates of time-limited tests' reliability are artificially inflated due to artifactual consistency in students' rate of work rather than authentic consistency in students' level of knowledge. (3) Time-limited tests are less inclusive; time-limited tests exclude students with documented disabilities who, because they are legally allowed additional test-taking time, are often literally excluded from test-taking classrooms. (4) Time-limited tests are less equitable; in addition to excluding students with documented disabilities, time-limited tests can also impede students who are learning English, students from underrepresented backgrounds, students who are older than average, and students with disabilities who encounter barriers (e.g., stigma and financial expense) in obtaining disability documentation and legally mandated accommodations. We conclude by offering recommendations for avoiding time-limited testing in higher educational assessment.

VL - 6 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing the segmentation effect of multimedia learning in a biological system JF - Journal of Computer Assisted LearningJournal of Computer Assisted LearningJ Comput Assist Learn Y1 - 2020 A1 - Soicher, Raechel N. A1 - Kathryn A. Becker-Blease KW - cognitive load KW - learning KW - multimedia KW - segmentation KW - self-paced AB -

Abstract Multimedia instruction, the combination of pictures and words to produce meaningful learning, involves attention, selection, organization, and integration of new information with previously learned information. Because there is a large, theory-based literature supporting the effectiveness of multimedia instruction, we proposed that multimedia instruction could be leveraged to address issues in health communication. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning outlines techniques to improve meaningful learning when the processing load of essential information exceeds the cognitive capacity of the learner (Mayer, 2014). Specifically, segmentation, or presentation of the material in a learner paced fashion, results in deeper learning of the material than continuous presentation (Mayer & Chandler, 2001). We proposed a conceptual replication of the segmentation effect with multimedia materials relevant in a health communication context. We hypothesized that transfer of information from a multimedia presentation about kidney function would be improved in a segmented, versus continuous, condition. Additionally, we hypothesized that participants' perceived cognitive load during the learning task would be lower in the segmented, versus continuous, presentation condition. We were unable to replicate either of these advantages for the use of segmentation with health-related materials.

VL - 36 SN - 0266-4909 UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12485 IS - 6 JO - Journal of Computer Assisted Learning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Utility value interventions: Why and how instructors should use them in college psychology courses. JF - Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology Y1 - 2020 A1 - Soicher, Raechel N. A1 - Kathryn A. Becker-Blease KW - *College Students KW - *Intervention KW - *Psychology Education KW - *Reading KW - *Teachers KW - Experimenter Expectations KW - Motivation AB -

According to expectancy-value models of achievement motivation, a core component of increasing student motivation is utility value. Utility value refers to the importance that a task has in one’s future goals. Utility value interventions provide an opportunity for students to make explicit connections between course content and their own lives. A large body of literature suggests that utility value interventions are effective for a wide range of students (e.g., both adolescent and adult learners) in a variety of courses (e.g., introductory psychology, introductory biology, and physics). This review provides (1) an overview of an expectancy value model of achievement motivation, (2) a comprehensive review of the experimental studies of utility value interventions in psychology, (3) concrete pedagogical recommendations based on the evidence from over 30 studies of the utility value intervention, and (4) suggestions for future research directions. After reading this review, college-level psychology instructors should be able to decide whether the utility value intervention is appropriate for their own course and, if so, implement the intervention effectively. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

SN - 2332-211X(Electronic),2332-2101(Print) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parent-child affection and helicopter parenting: Exploring the concept of excessive affection. JF - Western Journal of Communication Y1 - 2018 A1 - Colin Hesse A1 - Mikkelson, A.C. A1 - Saracco, S. VL - 82 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Do Exam Wrappers Increase Metacognition and Performance? A Single Course Intervention JF - Psychology Learning & TeachingPsychology Learning & Teaching Y1 - 2016 A1 - Soicher, Raechel N. A1 - Gurung, Regan A. R. AB -

Previous research has indicated that an intervention called ?exam wrappers? can improve students? metacognition when they are using wrappers in more than one course per academic term. In this study, we tested if exam wrappers would improve students? metacognition and academic performance when used in only one course per academic term. A total of 86 students used either exam wrappers (an exercise with metacognitive instruction), sham wrappers (an exercise with no metacognitive instruction), or neither (control). We found no improvements on any of three exams, final grades, or metacognitive ability (measured with the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, MAI) across conditions. All students showed an increase in MAI over the course of the semester, regardless of condition. We discuss the challenges of improving metacognitive skills and suggest ideas for additional metacognitive interventions.

VL - 16 SN - 1475-7257 UR - https://doi.org/10.1177/1475725716661872 IS - 1 JO - Psychology Learning & Teaching ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Christian Fragility Y1 - 2015 A1 - Susan Shaw PB - Huffington Post UR - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/susan-m-shaw/christian-fragility_b_7700418.html ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Sandra Bland and the Texts of Terror Y1 - 2015 A1 - Susan Shaw PB - Huffington Post UR - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/susan-m-shaw/sandra-bland-and-texts-of-terror_b_7844260.html ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of subtitles on listeners' perceptions of expressivity JF - Psychology of Music Psychology of Music Y1 - 2014 A1 - J. M. Silveira A1 - Diaz, F. M. VL - 42 SN - 0305-7356 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Perception of Pacing in a Music Appreciation Class and Its Relationship to Teacher Effectiveness and Teacher Intensity JF - Journal of Research in Music Education Y1 - 2014 A1 - J. M. Silveira AB - The purpose of this study was to determine relationships among pacing, teacher effectiveness, and teacher intensity in the context of a realistic teaching situation. A scripted stimulus video was created in which the teacher demonstrated predefined pacing lapses to measure their effects on observers ratings of teacher effectiveness, teacher intensity, teacher pacing, and general perceptions. Participants ( N = 164 college students) were randomly assigned to one of four groups ( n = 41) to evaluate ongoing teacher effectiveness, teacher intensity, teacher pacing, or general perceptions (control group). Participants evaluated the teacher on their assigned construct using both continuous (Continuous Response Digital Interface) and summative measures (Likert-type scale). Results showed that the constructs had strong positive linear correlations with each other. The pacing group evidenced a greater response magnitude than the other three groups (effectiveness, intensity, control), suggesting that participants in the pacing group may have been reacting differently to some aspect of the teaching demonstration compared to the other groups. VL - 62 SN - 0022-4294 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing the Effects of Recent Immigration on Serious Property Crime in Austin, Texas JF - Sociological Perspectives Sociological Perspectives Y1 - 2013 A1 - Scott Akins A1 - Stansfield, Richard A1 - Rumbaut, Rubén G. A1 - Roger B. Hammer VL - 56 SN - 0731-1214 IS - 4 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Deutsch im Blick (Edition 2) Y1 - 2013 A1 - Abrahms, Zsuzsanna A1 - Schuchard, Sarah A1 - Weilbacher, Jasmin A1 - Ghanem, Carla A1 - VanderHeijden, Vince KW - Foreign Language Study KW - German KW - Humanities KW - Language and languages AB -

This textbook of classroom activities and homework accompanies Deutsch im Blick, http://coerll.utexas.edu/dib/, the web-based German program developed and in use at the University of Texas since 2004, and its companion site, Grimm Grammar (2000) http://coerll.utexas.edu/gg/. These are open access sites, free and open multimedia resources, which require neither password nor fees. Deutsch im Blick, used increasingly by students, teachers and institutions throughout the world, includes 307 videos (American students in Germany, native German interviews, vocabulary and culture presentation videos) recorded vocabulary lists, phonetic lessons, online grammar lessons (600 pages) with self-correcting exercises and audio dialogues, online grammar tools and diagnostic grammar tests.

PB - University of Texas Austin ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Elders in Exile: Three American Indian Stories of Survivance T2 - Crossroads in American Studies: Transnational and Biocultural Encounters Y1 - 2013 A1 - Philipp Kneis A1 - Offizier, Frederike A1 - Marc Priewe A1 - Ariane Schröder JF - Crossroads in American Studies: Transnational and Biocultural Encounters PB - Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Evolution T2 - Issues and Controversies in Science and Politics Y1 - 2013 A1 - Philipp Kneis A1 - Brent S. Steel JF - Issues and Controversies in Science and Politics PB - CQ Press CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing Child Support Debt and Its Consequences: Can Forgiveness Benefit All? JF - Journal of Policy Analysis and Management Y1 - 2011 A1 - Brett C. Burkhardt A1 - Heinrich, Carolyn J. A1 - Shager, Hilary M. AB -

As child support debt owed nationally persists at enormous levels, both noncustodial parents and the custodial families who are not receiving support suffer significant hardships, and states are forced to expend greater resources on collection and enforcement efforts. This paper presents findings from an evaluation of a demonstration program developed to help noncustodial parents with large child support debts reduce their debt while simultaneously increasing child support paid to families, through gradual forgiveness of arrears conditional on payment of current child support obligations. The evaluation employs a randomized experimental design, nonexperimental analyses using propensity score matching and multilevel modeling techniques, and focus groups and follow-up interviews. Results show a pattern of effects that suggests individuals responded to the program as intended. State- and family-owed child support debt balances decreased for program participants, and participants paid more toward their child support obligations and arrears and made more frequent child support payments. The study findings suggest promise for the effectiveness of this program model in reducing child support debt burdens and in increasing families' receipt of child support, and they also point to ways in which the implementation of the program might be improved. (Contains 3 tables and 27 footnotes.)

PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Subscription Department, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774. Tel: 800-825-7550; Tel: 201-748-6645; Fax: 201-748-6021; e-mail: subinfo@wiley.com; Web site: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/browse/?type=JOURNAL VL - 30 SN - 0276-8739 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecosystem services as a common language for coastal ecosystem-based management. JF - Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology Y1 - 2010 A1 - Lori A Cramer A1 - Granek EF A1 - Polasky S A1 - Kappel CV A1 - Reed DJ A1 - Stoms DM A1 - Koch EW A1 - Kennedy CJ A1 - Hacker SD A1 - Barbier EB A1 - Aswani S A1 - Ruckelshaus M A1 - Perillo GM A1 - Silliman BR A1 - Muthiga N A1 - Bael D A1 - Wolanski E AB -

Ecosystem-based management is logistically and politically challenging because ecosystems are inherently complex and management decisions affect a multitude of groups. Coastal ecosystems, which lie at the interface between marine and terrestrial ecosystems and provide an array of ecosystem services to different groups, aptly illustrate these challenges. Successful ecosystem-based management of coastal ecosystems requires incorporating scientific information and the knowledge and views of interested parties into the decision-making process. Estimating the provision of ecosystem services under alternative management schemes offers a systematic way to incorporate biogeophysical and socioeconomic information and the views of individuals and groups in the policy and management process. Employing ecosystem services as a common language to improve the process of ecosystem-based management presents both benefits and difficulties. Benefits include a transparent method for assessing trade-offs associated with management alternatives, a common set of facts and common currency on which to base negotiations, and improved communication among groups with competing interests or differing worldviews. Yet challenges to this approach remain, including predicting how human interventions will affect ecosystems, how such changes will affect the provision of ecosystem services, and how changes in service provision will affect the welfare of different groups in society. In a case study from Puget Sound, Washington, we illustrate the potential of applying ecosystem services as a common language for ecosystem-based management.

VL - 24 SN - 0888-8892 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ocean Space, Ocean Place: The Human Dimensions of Wave Energy in Oregon JF - Oceanog. Oceanography Y1 - 2010 A1 - Flaxen D. L. Conway A1 - Stevenson, John A1 - Hunter, Daniel A1 - Stefanovich, Maria A1 - Campbell, Holly A1 - Covell, Zack A1 - Yin, Yao VL - 23 SN - 1042-8275 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathways to Adult Alcohol Abuse Across Racial/Ethnic Groups: An Application of General Strain and Social Learning Theories JF - Journal of drug issues. Y1 - 2010 A1 - Scott Akins A1 - Smith, Chad L A1 - Mosher, Clayton PB - Journal of Drug Issues CY - Tallahassee, Fla. VL - 40 SN - 0022-0426 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Site Fights: Explaining Opposition to Pipeline Projects in the Developing World JF - SOCF Sociological Forum Y1 - 2010 A1 - Hilary Boudet A1 - McAdam, Doug A1 - Davis, Jennifer A1 - Orr, Ryan J. A1 - Richard Scott, W. A1 - Levitt, Raymond E. AB -

Fifty years ago, the main challenges to large infrastructure projects were technical or scientific. Today, the greatest hurdles faced by such projects are almost always social and/or political. Whether constructing large dams in the developing world or siting liquefied natural gas terminals in the United States, the onset of these projects often triggers intense popular opposition. But not always, and therein lays the animating aim of this project. We undertake a systematic comparative case analysis of mobilization efforts against 11 oil and gas pipeline projects spanning 16 countries in the developing world. Using theories from the social movement and facility siting literatures and the technique of fuzzy set/qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA), we examine the causal conditions linked to political and legal opposition to these projects. We find that both Western funding of projects and public consultation serve as necessary political opportunities encouraging mobilization. In addition, not compensating the host country for involvement in the project is linked to mobilization. Finally, some risk from the project, in the form of environmental or social impact, is associated with mobilization; however, this impact does not have to be very significant for mobilization to occur.

VL - 25 SN - 0884-8971 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing housing growth when census boundaries change JF - International Journal of Geographical Information Science Y1 - 2009 A1 - Roger B. Hammer A1 - Syphard, Alexandra D. A1 - Stewart, Susan I. A1 - Mckeefry, Jason A1 - Fried, Jeremy S. A1 - Holcomb, Sherry A1 - Radeloff, Volker C. AB -

The US Census provides the primary source of spatially explicit social data, but changing block boundaries complicate analyses of housing growth over time. We compared procedures for reconciling housing density data between 1990 and 2000 census block boundaries in order to assess the sensitivity of analytical methods to estimates of housing growth in Oregon. Estimates of housing growth varied substantially and were sensitive to the method of interpolation. With no processing and arealweighted interpolation, more than 35% of the landscape changed; 75-80% of this change was due to decline in housing density. This decline was implausible, however, because housing structures generally persist over time. Based on aggregated boundaries, 11% of the landscape changed, but only 4% experienced a decline in housing density. Nevertheless, the housing density change map was almost twice as coarse spatially as the 2000 housing density data. We also applied a dasymetric approach to redistribute 1990 housing data into 2000 census boundaries under the assumption that the distribution of housing in 2000 reflected the same distribution as in 1990. The dasymetric approach resulted in conservative change estimates at a fine resolution. All methods involved some type of tradeoff (e.g. analytical difficulty, data resolution, magnitude or bias in direction of change). However, our dasymetric procedure is a novel approach for assessing housing growth over changing census boundaries that may be particularly useful because it accounts for the uniquely persistent nature of housing over time.

VL - 23 SN - 1365-8816 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - George W. Bush's legacy on the federal bench: Policy in the face of diversity JF - Judicature Y1 - 2009 A1 - Rorie Solberg A1 - Diascro, J.S. VL - 92 SN - 0022-5800 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immigration, Economic Disadvantage, and Homicide JF - Homicide Studies Y1 - 2009 A1 - Scott Akins A1 - Rumbaut, Rubén A1 - Stansfield, Richard AB -

In this article, the effect of recent immigration on homicide rates across city of Austin, Texas census tracts is examined. Since 1980, Austin's recent immigrant population increased by more than 580% across the metropolitan area and it is now considered a "pre-emerging" immigrant gateway city to the United States. Therefore the changing population dynamics in Austin provide an excellent opportunity to study the effect of recent immigration on homicide. After controlling for structural predictors of homicide and correcting for spatial autocorrelation, our findings indicate that recent immigration is not associated with homicide.

PB - Sage Publications VL - 13 SN - 1088-7679 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paradoxes of Providing Rural Social Services: The Case of Homeless Youth JF - Rural Sociology Y1 - 2009 A1 - Mark Edwards A1 - Torgerson, Melissa A1 - Sattem, Jennifer AB -

Economic and demographic changes in rural areas continue to introduce big-city problems in small towns. These communities' ability and willingness to respond are likely to be influenced by the geography, culture, and array of organizations in rural places. But how these characteristics of rural places shape local response is hard to predict and as yet unexplored. This article reports data from interviews with social-service providers and homeless youth in a rural county in the northwestern United States, drawing insights from both groups about the challenges of providing social services in rural places. Findings about drug use, sexual abuse and prostitution in rural communities illustrate how aspects of a rural context can influence the way small towns address social problems. (Contains 1 footnote.)

PB - Rural Sociological Society. 104 Gentry Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7040. Tel: 573-882-9065; Fax: 573-882-1473; e-mail: ruralsoc@missouri.edu; Web site: http://www.ruralsociology.org VL - 74 SN - 0036-0112 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values. JF - Science (New York, N.Y.) Y1 - 2008 A1 - Lori A Cramer A1 - Barbier EB A1 - Koch EW A1 - Silliman BR A1 - Hacker SD A1 - Wolanski E A1 - Primavera J A1 - Granek EF A1 - Polasky S A1 - Aswani S A1 - Stoms DM A1 - Kennedy CJ A1 - Bael D, A1 - Kappel CV A1 - Perillo GM A1 - Reed DJ AB -

A common assumption is that ecosystem services respond linearly to changes in habitat size. This assumption leads frequently to an "all or none" choice of either preserving coastal habitats or converting them to human use. However, our survey of wave attenuation data from field studies of mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass beds, nearshore coral reefs, and sand dunes reveals that these relationships are rarely linear. By incorporating nonlinear wave attenuation in estimating coastal protection values of mangroves in Thailand, we show that the optimal land use option may instead be the integration of development and conservation consistent with ecosystem-based management goals. This result suggests that reconciling competing demands on coastal habitats should not always result in stark preservation-versus-conversion choices.

VL - 319 SN - 0036-8075 IS - 5861 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Acculturation on Patterns of Hispanic Substance Use in Washington State JF - Journal of drug issues. Y1 - 2008 A1 - Scott Akins A1 - Mosher, Clayton A1 - Smith, Chad L A1 - Gauthier, Jane Florence PB - Journal of Drug Issues CY - Tallahassee, Fla. VL - 38 SN - 0022-0426 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mediating the Conflict between Transformative Pedagogy and Bureaucratic Practice JF - College Teaching Y1 - 2008 A1 - Michelle Inderbitzin A1 - Storrs, Debbie A. AB -

This article reflects on the authors' experiences during a pilot year of an innovative core curriculum at a state research university and their attempts to create a "collaborative community" characterized by transformative pedagogy. It discusses their students' and colleagues' resistance to their inventive, albeit time-consuming and sometimes noisy, assignments. It analyzes the temptation to give in to bureaucratic inertia and return to an instruction paradigm that prioritizes the transmission of information over the more intensive goals of encouraging students to "claim their education." Finally, they suggest that the development of collaborative communities of like-minded teachers is an important resource in mediating the conflict between transformative pedagogy and bureaucratic practice.

PB - Heldref Publications. 1319 Eighteenth Street NW, Washington, DC 20036-1802. Tel: 800-365-9753; Tel: 202-296-6267; Fax: 202-293-6130; e-mail: subscribe@heldref.org; Web site: http://www.heldref.org VL - 56 SN - 8756-7555 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remaking the Federal Bench: An Exercise in Futility? JF - Southern Illinois Law Journal Y1 - 2008 A1 - Rorie Solberg A1 - Scott, Kevin VL - 32 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Building patterns and landscape fragmentation in northern Wisconsin, USA JF - Landscape Ecology Y1 - 2007 A1 - Roger B. Hammer A1 - Charlotte Gonzalez-Abraham A1 - Radeloff, Volker A1 - Hawbaker, Todd A1 - Stewart, Susan A1 - Clayton, Murray AB -

Housing growth is prevalent in rural areas in the United States and landscape fragmentation is one of its many effects. Since the 1930s, rural sprawl has been increasing in areas rich in recreational amenities. The question is how housing growth has affected landscape fragmentation. We thus tested three hypotheses relating land cover and land ownership to density and spatial pattern of buildings, and examined whether building density or spatial pattern of buildings was a better predictor for landscape fragmentation. Housing locations were mapped from 117 1:24,000-scale USGS topographic maps across northern Wisconsin. Patch-level landscape metrics were calculated on the terrestrial area remaining after applying 50, 100 and 250 m disturbance zones around each building. Our results showed that building density and the spatial pattern of buildings were affected mostly by lake area, public land ownership, and the abundance of coniferous forest, agricultural land, and grassland. A full 40% of the houses were within 100 m of lakeshores. The clustering of buildings within 100 m of lakeshores limited fragmentation farther away. In contrast, agricultural and grassland areas were correlated with higher building density, higher fragmentation, and more dispersed building pattern possible legacies of agricultural settlement patterns. Understanding which factors influence building density and fragmentation is useful for landscape level planning and ecosystem management in northern Wisconsin and areas that share similar social and environmental constraints.

PB - Springer VL - 22 SN - 0921-2973 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defining the Wildland-Urban Interface JF - JOURNAL OF FORESTRY -WASHINGTON- Y1 - 2007 A1 - Roger B. Hammer A1 - Stewart, S. I. A1 - Radeloff, V. C. A1 - Hawbaker, T. J. VL - 105 SN - 0022-1201 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human influence on California fire regimes. JF - Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America Y1 - 2007 A1 - Roger B. Hammer A1 - Syphard AD A1 - Radeloff VC A1 - Keeley JE A1 - Hawbaker TJ A1 - Clayton MK A1 - Stewart SI AB -

Periodic wildfire maintains the integrity and species composition of many ecosystems, including the mediterranean-climate shrublands of California. However, human activities alter natural fire regimes, which can lead to cascading ecological effects. Increased human ignitions at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) have recently gained attention, but fire activity and risk are typically estimated using only biophysical variables. Our goal was to determine how humans influence fire in California and to examine whether this influence was linear, by relating contemporary (2000) and historic (1960-2000) fire data to both human and biophysical variables. Data for the human variables included fine-resolution maps of the WUI produced using housing density and land cover data. Interface WUI, where development abuts wildland vegetation, was differentiated from intermix WUI, where development intermingles with wildland vegetation. Additional explanatory variables included distance to WUI, population density, road density, vegetation type, and ecoregion. All data were summarized at the county level and analyzed using bivariate and multiple regression methods. We found highly significant relationships between humans and fire on the contemporary landscape, and our models explained fire frequency (R2 = 0.72) better than area burned (R2 = 0.50). Population density, intermix WUI, and distance to WUI explained the most variability in fire frequency, suggesting that the spatial pattern of development may be an important variable to consider when estimating fire risk. We found nonlinear effects such that fire frequency and area burned were highest at intermediate levels of human activity, but declined beyond certain thresholds. Human activities also explained change in fire frequency and area burned (1960-2000), but our models had greater explanatory power during the years 1960-1980, when there was more dramatic change in fire frequency. Understanding wildfire as a function of the spatial arrangement of ignitions and fuels on the landscape, in addition to nonlinear relationships, will be important to fire managers and conservation planners because fire risk may be related to specific levels of housing density that can be accounted for in land use planning. With more fires occurring in close proximity to human infrastructure, there may also be devastating ecological impacts if development continues to grow farther into wildland vegetation.

VL - 17 SN - 1051-0761 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Judicial Review by the Burger and Rehnquist Courts: Explaining Justices' Responses to Constitutional Challenges JF - Political Research Quarterly Y1 - 2007 A1 - Rorie Solberg A1 - Lindquist, S. A. VL - 60 SN - 1065-9129 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NGOs and the Development of Civil Society in Bulgaria and the U.S.: A Comparative Analysis JF - Innovation: The European Journal for Social Science Research Y1 - 2007 A1 - Sarah L. Henderson A1 - Brent S. Steel A1 - Rebecca L. Warner VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patterns of houses and habitat loss from 1937 to 1999 in northern Wisconsin, USA. JF - Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America Y1 - 2007 A1 - Roger B. Hammer A1 - Gonzalez-Abraham CE A1 - Radeloff VC A1 - Hawbaker TJ A1 - Stewart SI A1 - Clayton MK AB -

Rural America is witnessing widespread housing development, which is to the detriment of the environment. It has been suggested to cluster houses so that their disturbance zones overlap and thus cause less habitat loss than is the case for dispersed development. Clustering houses makes intuitive sense, but few empirical studies have quantified the spatial pattern of houses in real landscapes, assessed changes in their patterns over time, and quantified the resulting habitat loss. We addressed three basic questions: (1) What are the spatial patterns of houses and how do they change over time; (2) How much habitat is lost due to houses, and how is this affected by spatial pattern of houses; and (3) What type of habitat is most affected by housing development. We mapped 27 419 houses from aerial photos for five time periods in 17 townships in northern Wisconsin and calculated the terrestrial land area remaining after buffering each house using 100- and 500-m disturbance zones. The number of houses increased by 353% between 1937 and 1999. Ripley's K test showed that houses were significantly clustered at all time periods and at all scales. Due to the clustering, the rate at which habitat was lost (176% and 55% for 100- and 500-m buffers, respectively) was substantially lower than housing growth rates, and most land area was undisturbed (95% and 61% for 100-m and 500-m buffers, respectively). Houses were strongly clustered within 100 m of lakes. Habitat loss was lowest in wetlands but reached up to 60% in deciduous forests. Our results are encouraging in that clustered development is common in northern Wisconsin, and habitat loss is thus limited. However, the concentration of development along lakeshores causes concern, because these may be critical habitats for many species. Conservation goals can only be met if policies promote clustered development and simultaneously steer development away from sensitive ecosystems.

VL - 17 SN - 1051-0761 IS - 7 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - 'Revolutions May Go Backwards’: The Persistence of Voter Disenfranchisement in the United States. T2 - Through the Eye of Katrina: Social Justice in the United States Y1 - 2007 A1 - Michelle Inderbitzin A1 - Kelly Fawcett A1 - Christopher Uggen A1 - Kristin A. Bates A1 - Richelle S. Swan JF - Through the Eye of Katrina: Social Justice in the United States PB - Carolina Academic Press CY - Durham, NC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatiotemporal dynamics of housing growth hotspots in the North Central U.S. from 1940 to 2000 JF - Landscape Ecology Y1 - 2007 A1 - Lepczyk, ChristopherA. A1 - Roger B. Hammer A1 - Stewart, SusanI. A1 - Radeloff, VolkerC. KW - Getis-Ord (G*) statistic KW - Housing growth KW - Spatial statistic KW - Spatiotemporal pattern KW - Sprawl KW - Time series PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers VL - 22 SN - 0921-2973 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-9066-2 IS - 6 JO - Landscape Ecol ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wildland-urban interface housing growth during the 1990s in California, Oregon, and Washington JF - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE Y1 - 2007 A1 - Roger B. Hammer A1 - Radeloff, V. C. A1 - Fried, J. S. A1 - Stewart, S. I. VL - 16 SN - 1049-8001 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activism, Ideology, and Federalism: Judicial Behavior in Constitutional Challenges Before the Rehnquist Court, 1986-2000 JF - Journal of Empirical Legal Studies Y1 - 2006 A1 - Rorie Solberg A1 - Lindquist, Stefanie A. AB -

In this study, we evaluate the individual voting behavior of the justices on the Rehnquist Court in cases raising constitutional challenges to federal, state, and local legislation. Using activism, federalism, and ideology as our guiding principles, we evaluate the extent to which the justices' voting behavior is consistent with the conventional wisdom that conservatives are more restraintist and more likely to protect states' rights in conformity with Chief Justice Rehnquist's focus on federalism. Although we find that there is some correlation between judicial ideology and activism, with liberals more activist than conservatives in general, we also find that the conservative wing of the Rehnquist Court is also largely guided by its own ideological reaction to the substantive policy embodied in the laws at issue. Thus, conservative justices as well as liberals are likely to strike down state laws when those laws fail to conform to the ideological preferences. This result underscores the importance of the attitudinal model of judicial behavior as an explanation of voting patterns on the Court, regardless of the justices' rhetoric in favor of judicial restraint or states' rights.

PB - Blackwell Publishing VL - 3 SN - 1740-1453 IS - 2 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - The Caribbean Community in Canada: Transnational Connections and Transformation T2 - Negotiating Borders and Belonging: Transnational Identities and Practices in Canada Y1 - 2006 A1 - Dwaine Plaza A1 - Simmons, A. A1 - Wong, Lloyd A1 - Vic Satzewich JF - Negotiating Borders and Belonging: Transnational Identities and Practices in Canada PB - University of British Columbia Press ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Court Size and Diversity on the Bench: The Ninth Circuit and its Sisters JF - Arizona Law Review Y1 - 2006 A1 - Rorie Solberg VL - 48 SN - 0004-153X IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Perception in a Rapidly Growing, Amenity-Rich Region: The Effects of Lakeshore Development on Perceived Water Quality in Vilas County, Wisconsin JF - Society & Natural Resources Y1 - 2006 A1 - Roger B. Hammer A1 - Stedman, Richard AB -

We explore the relationship between perceived and actual water quality in a rapidly growing, high-amenity rural area (Vilas County, WI) and how this relationship is affected by shoreline development. Although the data on the relationship between shore development and aquatic environs are not conclusive, people express high levels of concern about the environmental impacts of this type of growth. We link databases that include water quality and lakeshore development variables with a mail survey of 1000 local property owners. Although the shoreline development levels are unrelated to water quality variables such as turbidity, chlorophyll levels, and color, we find that lakes with higher levels of development are perceived by respondents as having worse water quality than lightly developed lakes. These findings have important implications for high-amenity rural communities that undergoing rapid development.

PB - Taylor & Francis VL - 19 SN - 0894-1920 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating Models of Legal Advocacy JF - Social Science Quarterly Y1 - 2006 A1 - Rorie Solberg A1 - Eric Waltenburg VL - 87 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ideology and scientific credibility: environmental policy in the American Pacific Northwest JF - Public Understanding of Science Y1 - 2006 A1 - Denise Lach A1 - Brent S. Steel A1 - Satyal, Vijay AB -

In the later years of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century, there has been an increasing emphasis among many decision-makers, interest groups, and citizens about the importance of science-based environmental policy. The assumption is that scientists can facilitate the resolution of public environmental decisions by providing scientific information to policymakers and the public, and by becoming more directly involved in policy arenas than they have traditionally been. However, at the same time, there are those who question the value of science, especially for ideological reasons. This study empirically examines the impact of ideology on attitudes toward science, scientific research, and scientists among various environmental policy participants. The data utilized to investigate these orientations were collected from surveys of five different groups involved in environmental policy and management in the Pacific Northwest including ecological scientists at universities and federal agencies; natural resource and environmental managers of state and federal programs; members of interest groups (e.g., environmental groups, industry associations, etc.); the “attentive public” (i.e., citizens who have participated in the environmental policy process); and the general public. Preliminary results reveal significant differences between liberals and conservatives in their orientations toward science, with self-identified liberals generally more likely to see science and scientists as objective and conservatives having a contrary view.

PB - Sage Publications VL - 15 SN - 0963-6625 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Imagining a Liberal Education: Critically Examining the Learning Process Through Stimulation JF - Journal of Transformative Education Y1 - 2006 A1 - Michelle Inderbitzin A1 - Storrs, Debbie AB -

Transformative pedagogy and a learning-centered paradigm are at the heart of a liberal education. In this article, the authors present a case study detailing a simulation they created in an interdisciplinary course in one university’s core curriculum. Although the simulation and the larger course appeared to have engaged the students, after years of socialization to be passive receptacles of information, they seemed to find it difficult to break out of the traditional classroom experience; indeed, they had difficulty even imagining alternative forms of learning. Such resistance suggests the need for more innovative and transformative learning experiences as central components of today’s liberal education. The sharing of ideas and practices to strengthen oppositional teaching cultures is suggested to mitigate the cost of engaging in transformative pedagogy.

PB - Sage Publications VL - 4 SN - 1541-3446 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inter-Court Dynamics and the Development of Legal Policy: Citation Patterns in the Decisions of the U.S. Courts of Appeals JF - The Policy Studies Journal Y1 - 2006 A1 - Rorie Solberg A1 - Haire, Susan B. A1 - Emrey, Jolly A. AB -

Lower federal appellate judges, like other government officials, identify problems, formulate and implement solutions, and subsequently evaluate them for their efficacy. Immediately following the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, courts were confronted with cases that raised new policy issues in claims of employment discrimination. With no guidance from the Supreme Court for five years, circuit courts articulated solutions to these issues with written published opinions. By examining citations to precedents in those opinions, we evaluate the degree to which the court’s reasoning draws on policies from other circuits. Although stare decisis does not compel appeals court judges to consider decisions from other circuits, 76 percent of the opinions include a reference to an out-of-circuit precedent. Outside citations were not uniform across circuits and cases with increased references to outside courts in circuits were characterized by conflict. Our examination of citation patterns suggests that the development of precedent proceeds on two tracks. On one level, circuit judges’ opinions build on precedent from within their court. More broadly, citations reflect on an inter-court dialog to identify conflict and consensus in federal legal policy.

PB - Blackwell Publishing VL - 34 SN - 0190-292X IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - All States are not Equal: Investigating the Differential Success of the States in the Courts of Appeals JF - State Politics and Policy Quarterly Y1 - 2005 A1 - Rorie Solberg A1 - Leonard Ray VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communicating to the courts and beyond: Why members of Congress participate as amici curiae JF - SAGE Public Administration Abstracts Y1 - 2005 A1 - Rorie Solberg A1 - Heberlig, E. AB -

Members of Congress engage in discretionary behaviors, such as making speeches and cosponsoring bills, which are generally motivated by either electoral needs or policy preferences. We examine a discretionary behavior that engages the judicial branch in the conversation: the participation of members of Congress as amici curiae before the Supreme Court. Amicus curiae briefs provide members of Congress with a direct avenue of communication with the judiciary, and this characteristic suggests that cosigning would be a method of creating good public policy. Using data from the 1980-1997 terms of the Supreme Court, however, we find that members of Congress cosign onto amicus curiae briefs as a means of "taking stances," akin to cosponsoring a bill. The action allows the member to speak indirectly to an audience beyond these governmental institutions. Evidence shows that ideological extremism and committee jurisdiction promote participation as amicus curiae.

PB - Sage Publications VL - 32 SN - 0094-6958 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversifying the Federal Bench: Presidential Patterns JF - Justice System Journal Y1 - 2005 A1 - Rorie Solberg A1 - Bratton, K. A. VL - 26 SN - 0098-261X IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diversity and G.W. Bush’s Judicial Appointments: Serving Two Masters JF - Judicature Y1 - 2005 A1 - Rorie Solberg VL - 88 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Lemons are not red Y1 - 2004 A1 - Seeger, Laura Vaccaro AB -

A simple story highlights such things as a yellow lemon, a pink flamingo, and a silver moon in a visual game in which die-cut shapes fall on the correct color backgrounds.

PB - Roaring Brook Press CY - Brookfield, Conn. SN - 1596430087 9781596430082 9781596431959 1596431954 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moving up the judicial ladder: the nomination of state Supreme Court justices to the federal courts JF - Peace Research Abstracts Y1 - 2004 A1 - Rorie Solberg A1 - Bratton, Kathleen AB -

State institutions have assumed increasingly important roles in policymaking. Moreover, prior research indicates that judicial experience has emerged as a particularly important factor in nomination to the federal courts. Despite these developments, justices from state Supreme Courts are not often nominated to the federal judiciary. This article identifies the factors that influence the nomination of state Supreme Court justices to the federal courts. The results indicate that partisan alignment between the nominee, senators, and president is a critical factor in nomination. Age is also a significant factor in predicting nomination; a justice's likelihood of being nominated peaks in her early 50s. Moreover, state high court justices who serve on relatively prestigious courts or have considerable seniority are less likely to be nominated to the federal courts thereby suggesting that visibility may not be an asset to state justices wishing to move to the federal courts.

PB - Sage Publications VL - 41 SN - 0031-3599 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Camaraderie and Hierarchy in College Football: A Content Analysis of Team Photographs JF - Sociology of Sport On Line Y1 - 2002 A1 - Dwaine Plaza A1 - Kathleen Stanley VL - 5 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No Passport Required: An Action Learning Approach to Teaching about Globalization. JF - Teaching Sociology Y1 - 2002 A1 - Dwaine Plaza A1 - Kathleen Stanley AB -

Describes a one-week course that focused on connections between global processes and local communities using an action-learning model. Discusses the action learning model, the content of the course, how student learning was evaluated, and what the teachers learned throughout the course. Addresses other uses of the model. (CMK)

VL - 30 SN - 0092-055X IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling: The Pursuit of University Training Among Afro-Caribbean Migrants and Their Children in Toronto JF - Canadian Journal of Ethnic Studies Y1 - 1999 A1 - Dwaine Plaza A1 - Alan Simmons VL - 30 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changing public values: Consequences for Pacific northwest forestry JF - Journal of Applied Forestry Y1 - 1999 A1 - Shindler, B A1 - Lori A Cramer VL - 13 IS - 1 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Arab Noise and Ramadan Nights: Rai, Rap, and Franco-Maghrebi Indentity T2 - Displacement, Diaspora and the Geographies of Identity Y1 - 1996 A1 - Joan Gross A1 - David McMurray A1 - Ted Swedenburg JF - Displacement, Diaspora and the Geographies of Identity PB - Duke University Press CY - Durham, NC ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arab Noise and Ramadan Nights: Rai, Rap, and Franco-Maghrebi Indentity JF - Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies Y1 - 1994 A1 - Joan Gross A1 - David McMurray A1 - Ted Swedenburg VL - 3 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rai, Rap and Ramadan Nights: Franco-Maghrebi Cultural Identities JF - Middle East Report Y1 - 1992 A1 - Joan Gross A1 - David McMurray A1 - Ted Swedenburg IS - Sept/Oct ER -