TY - Generic T1 - Head Circumference Y1 - 2020 A1 - Emily Yates-Doerr ER - TY - Generic T1 - Heterogeneity in family-level nutrition in Northern Ecuador Y1 - 2014 A1 - Joan Gross A1 - Carla Guerron Montero A1 - Michaela Hammer A1 - Peter Berti AB -

Interpretive Policy Analysis Annual Meeting, Wageningen, Holland.  July 3, 2014.

ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human impacts on regional avian diversity and abundance. JF - Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology Y1 - 2008 A1 - Roger B. Hammer A1 - Lepczyk CA A1 - Flather CH A1 - Radeloff VC A1 - Pidgeon AM, A1 - Liu J AB -

Patterns of association between humans and biodiversity typically show positive, negative, or negative quadratic relationships and can be described by 3 hypotheses: biologically rich areas that support high human population densities co-occur with areas of high biodiversity (productivity); biodiversity decreases monotonically with increasing human activities (ecosystem stress); and biodiversity peaks at intermediate levels of human influence (intermediate disturbance). To test these hypotheses, we compared anthropogenic land cover and housing units, as indices of human influence, with bird species richness and abundance across the Midwestern United States. We modeled richness of native birds with 12 candidate models of land cover and housing to evaluate the empirical evidence. To assess which species were responsible for observed variation in richness, we repeated our model-selection analysis with relative abundance of each native species as the response and then asked whether natural-history traits were associated with positive, negative, or mixed responses. Native avian richness was highest where anthropogenic land cover was lowest and housing units were intermediate based on model-averaged predictions among a confidence set of candidate models. Eighty-three of 132 species showed some pattern of association with our measures of human influence. Of these species approximately 40% were negatively associated, approximately 6% were positively associated, and approximately 7% showed evidence of an intermediate relationship with human influence measures. Natural-history traits were not closely related to the direction of the relationship between abundance and human influence. Nevertheless, pooling species that exhibited any relationship with human influence and comparing them with unrelated species indicated they were significantly smaller, nested closer to the ground, had shorter incubation and fledging times, and tended to be altricial. Our results support the ecosystem-stress hypothesis for the majority of individual species and for overall species diversity when focusing on anthropogenic land cover. Nevertheless, the great variability in housing units across the land-cover gradient indicates that an intermediate-disturbance relationship is also supported. Our findings suggest preemptive conservation action should be taken, whereby areas with little anthropogenic land cover are given conservation priority. Nevertheless, conservation action should not be limited to pristine landscapes because our results showed that native avian richness and the relative abundance of many species peaked at intermediate housing densities and levels of anthropogenic land cover.

VL - 22 SN - 0888-8892 IS - 2 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - A History of Difference, Power and Discrimination at Oregon State University (with Dr. Janet Nishihara) T2 - Teaching for Change: The Difference, Power, and Discrimination Model Y1 - 2007 A1 - Joan Gross JF - Teaching for Change: The Difference, Power, and Discrimination Model PB - Lexington Books CY - Boulder ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human influence on California fire regimes. JF - Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America Y1 - 2007 A1 - Roger B. Hammer A1 - Syphard AD A1 - Radeloff VC A1 - Keeley JE A1 - Hawbaker TJ A1 - Clayton MK A1 - Stewart SI AB -

Periodic wildfire maintains the integrity and species composition of many ecosystems, including the mediterranean-climate shrublands of California. However, human activities alter natural fire regimes, which can lead to cascading ecological effects. Increased human ignitions at the wildland-urban interface (WUI) have recently gained attention, but fire activity and risk are typically estimated using only biophysical variables. Our goal was to determine how humans influence fire in California and to examine whether this influence was linear, by relating contemporary (2000) and historic (1960-2000) fire data to both human and biophysical variables. Data for the human variables included fine-resolution maps of the WUI produced using housing density and land cover data. Interface WUI, where development abuts wildland vegetation, was differentiated from intermix WUI, where development intermingles with wildland vegetation. Additional explanatory variables included distance to WUI, population density, road density, vegetation type, and ecoregion. All data were summarized at the county level and analyzed using bivariate and multiple regression methods. We found highly significant relationships between humans and fire on the contemporary landscape, and our models explained fire frequency (R2 = 0.72) better than area burned (R2 = 0.50). Population density, intermix WUI, and distance to WUI explained the most variability in fire frequency, suggesting that the spatial pattern of development may be an important variable to consider when estimating fire risk. We found nonlinear effects such that fire frequency and area burned were highest at intermediate levels of human activity, but declined beyond certain thresholds. Human activities also explained change in fire frequency and area burned (1960-2000), but our models had greater explanatory power during the years 1960-1980, when there was more dramatic change in fire frequency. Understanding wildfire as a function of the spatial arrangement of ignitions and fuels on the landscape, in addition to nonlinear relationships, will be important to fire managers and conservation planners because fire risk may be related to specific levels of housing density that can be accounted for in land use planning. With more fires occurring in close proximity to human infrastructure, there may also be devastating ecological impacts if development continues to grow farther into wildland vegetation.

VL - 17 SN - 1051-0761 IS - 5 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Halloween aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique: une vue personnelle T2 - Halloween Passage Y1 - 2001 A1 - Joan Gross JF - Halloween Passage ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Home Ownership, Affordability, and Mothers' Changing Work and Family Roles JF - SSQU Social Science Quarterly Y1 - 2001 A1 - Mark Edwards AB -

Objective. Elaborating on conventional explanations for rapid employment growth of married mothers of preschoolers, I propose that pursuit of home ownership contributed to this trend differently in different decades since 1950. Methods. Measuring husbands' income in terms of mortgage qualification and using logistic regression analysis of pooled Current Population Survey data to estimate trends standardized for compositional change, I compare hypothetical with observed trends since 1970. Results. Declining ability of husbands' income to qualify for mortgages and rising educational attainment of mothers explains the post-1970 accelerated employment growth for preschoolers' mothers. By the 1980s, other influences have greater relative effects on young mothers' employment. Conclusion. Home ownership contributed to slower growth in preschoolers' mothers' employment through the 1950s and 1960s, raising standard-of-living expectations. Declining affordability in the 1970s inspired even more rapid growth. Pursuit of prescribed standards of living has increasingly motivated families to embrace dual-earner work and family arrangements.

VL - 82 SN - 0038-4941 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How Interviewing Became Therapy for Wives of Professional Athletes: Learning From a Serendipitous Experience JF - Qualitative Inquiry Y1 - 2001 A1 - Steven M. Ortiz AB -

During field research on wives of professional athletes, several of the wives seemed to find that the in-depth interviews had a therapeutic value. Indeed, they themselves often referred to the interview sessions as "therapy sessions," opportunities to unload suppressed feelings, innermost thoughts, and private experiences in ways that led to certain self-transformations. This article examines the nature of collaborative relationships in the interviewing process and factors that enabled some of the wives to experience a cathartic process of self-revelation and an introspective process of self-discovery, thereby gaining more from their participation than they had expected.

PB - Sage Publications VL - 7 SN - 1077-8004 IS - 2 ER -